Embarazo en la adolescencia y su relación con la deserción escolar / The relationship between teenage pregnancy and school desertion

Background: In Chile, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy is 17 percent. Aim: To assess relationship between adolescent pregnancy and school desertion. Patients and methods: At the Hospital Guillermo Grant Benavente's Departament of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in Concepción, Chile, 2001 a comparative, cross sectional and correlational study was conducted. The study group were pregnant adolescents who deserted from school system, divided in two subgroups: 86 adolescents who deserted before pregnancy and 130 who deserted during pregnancy. Results: Twenty percent of teenagers that deserted from school before pregnancy belonged to a sublevel of poverty, compared with 5 percent of those who deserted during pregnancy. Flunk was frequent in both but higher in girls that deserted before pregnancy (46.5 and 36.9 percent respectively, (p <0.001). Economic problems were the main cause of desertion before pregnancy (27.6 percent). Shame (41.6 percent) and obstetric complications (31.7 percent) were the main reasons for deserting during pregnancy. Seventy percent of adolescents who deserted before pregnancy had no educational, working or recreational activities. The parental educational level of both groups was low. Conclusions: There is a relationship between teenage pregnancy and school desertion. Adolescents who deserted from school before pregnancy are more vulnerable (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 65-70).

Perfíl lipídico en recién nacidos con retardo del crecimiento intrauterino / Serum lipids in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation

Background: The X syndrome, related to coronary disease in adults, could be possibly programmed priory to delivery, in children with intrauterine growth retardation. Aim: To measure serum lipids in newborns with symmetrical or asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation. Patients and methods: One hundred thirty five newborns with intrauterine growth retardation and 116 normal term newborns, with 38 to 41 gestational weeks, were studied. Total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apoproteins. A1 and B were measured in imbilical cord blood samples. Results: No differences in total, HDL, LDL cholesterol, apoproteins A1 and B were observed between the study groups. Triglycerides were higher in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation, compared to normal term newborns (45 ñ 27 and 36 ñ 19 mg/dl respectively, p<0,001). Differences in serum triglyceride levels respect to controls were observed in both male and female newborns with asymmetrical growth retardation. Likewise the differences respect to controls were observed in newborns with mild or severe but not with moderate growth retardation. Conclusions: Newborns with intrauterine growth retardation have higher triglyceride levels than normal term newborns

Impacto del sindrome hipertensivo del embarazao en el retardo del crecimiento intrauterino / Impact of hypertensive disease of pregnancy on intrauterine growth retardation

Background: Intrauterine growth retardation, associated to hypertensive disease of pregnancy, is responsible for a higher perinatal mortality and morbidity. Aim: To assess obstetrical, perinatal and neonatal features of intrauterine growth retardation associated to hypertensive disease of pregnancy. Patients and methods: One hundred thirty seven newborns with intrauterine growth retardation, whose mothers had hypertensive disease of pregnancy, were compared to 165 similar newborns but whose mothers did not have the disease. Results: The incidence of intrauterine growth retardation associated to hypertensive disease of pregnancy was 45.4 percent. Maternal obesity at the start and end of pregnancy, a pregestational weight over 65 kg and a weight increment of more than 20 kg during pregnancy were risk factors for hypertensive disease of pregnancy with relative risks of 1.76, 1.62, 1.62 and 2.09 respectively. Relative risks for cesarean section and prematurity were also higher among women with hypertensive disease of pregnancy. Intrauterine growth retardation associated to maternal hypertension was symmetrical and severe in 37.9 percent of newborns. All seven neonatal deaths occurred in newborns with severe retardation. Conclusions: Neonatal and perinatal morbidity and mortality are higher in newborns with intrauterine growth retardation. Hypertensive disease of pregnancy was associated with a twice higher incidence of asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation

Pérfil lipídico en sangre de cordón de recién nacidos normales y con alguna patología fetal y/o materna / Lipid profile in cord blood of normal newborns with some fetal and/or maternal pathology

Se realizaron determinaciones lipídicas en sangre de cordón de recién nacidos (RN) de ambos sexos, normales (n = 30) y con morbilidad neonatal o materna (n = 67), obtenida inmediatamente después del parto. Se consideró como RN sano una edad gestacional entre 38 y 41 semanas, peso > 2.500 g, Apgar > 7, así como ausencia de morbilidad perinatal, malformaciones congénitas y patología materna, como hipertensión arterial o diabetes. Las patologías consideradas fueron: grandes para edad gestacional, pretérmino, hipertensión materna, Apgar < 7, gemelos de pretérmino y otras. Al comparar los promedios de CT en los RN de pretérmino,Apgar < 7 con los RN normales (73 ñ 29; 73 ñ 24; 59 ñ 14 mg/dl) se encontró una diferencia significativa (p < 0.05). Para los promedios de los RN con HTA materna más pretérmino y gemelos de pretérmino (100 ñ 7; 104 ñ 26 mg/dl) la diferencia estadística fue mayor (p < 0,001). En estos dos últimos grupos, también se encontró diferencia significativa para el C-LDL (p < 0.001) (52 ñ 14; 64 ñ 24 mg/dl) comparado con RN normales (27 ñ 10 mg/dl). En los TG, fueron significativamente diferentes los promedios de los RN con HTA materna más pretérmino (58 ñ 51 mg/dl) y los con Apgar < 7 (45 ñ 47 mg/dl) comparados con RN normales (25 ñ 13 mg/dl) (p < 0,001 y p < 0,05 respectivamente). Siendo la hipercolesterolemia familiar el trastorno de las lipoproteínas más frecuente reconocido en la niñez,es importante su detección a edad temprana, así como saber diferenciarla de los niveles altos de colesterol, producto de alguna patología fetal o materna